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Dame Mary Ranken Herring, (née Lyle; 31 March 1895 – 26 October 1981) was an Australian medical practitioner and community worker. A graduate of the University of Melbourne, where she studied medicine and excelled at sports, Mary qualified as a general practitioner in 1921 and became a resident surgeon at Royal Melbourne Hospital. Her work was mainly with poor women, many of whom lived in unsanitary conditions and had inadequate diets. The social mores of the time often kept young women ignorant of matters dealing with sex and pregnancy. She recognised that pregnant women in particular needed more information about what was happening to them, and provided information on birth control at a time when many doctors and a large segment of the community were opposed to it. "She broke taboos", Della Hilton later wrote, and "made forbidden subjects not only matters for discussion, but for action". In addition to her medical work, Mary supported women's sports and was patron of many charities. During World War II she helped form the AIF Women's Association. She served on its Welfare Subcommittee, looking after the needs of soldiers' families, and was president of the association from 1943 to 1946. In recognition of her medical and charitable work, she was made a Commander of the Order of St John in 1953, and a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1960 "for services to nursing in Victoria".〔 ==Early life== Mary Ranken Lyle was born in the Melbourne suburb of Carlton on 31 March 1895, the eldest of four children of Sir Thomas Ranken Lyle, a mathematical physicist, and his wife, Frances Isobel Clare née Millear. She attended Toorak College between 1906 and 1912, where she excelled both academically and at sport, playing tennis, hockey, netball and cricket, and competing in swimming. She was head girl in 1911 and 1912. In 1913 she entered the University of Melbourne as a medical student. She was captain of the women's tennis and hockey teams, obtaining University Sporting Blue in both sports. In 1918 she had met Edmund (Ned) Herring, then a young Australian captain in the British Army on leave from the Macedonian front of the Great War. During her training, Mary worked with the district nurses, visiting families in the Melbourne's less affluent suburbs. Her ambition was to become a doctor who improved the lives of women and children. Women of her own social class did not normally work after they married, so marriage was not something she had intended. In 1919, with the war over, she wrote to Ned urging him to complete his Rhodes Scholarship studies before returning to Australia. Mary met Ned when he arrived back in Melbourne at last on 26 November 1920. She graduated with her dual Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MB, BS) degree in March 1921, achieving first-class honours in all subjects, with a first in medicine and fourth in surgery. She won the Keith Levi Memorial Scholarship in medicine and the Sameson Prize in clinical medicine, and became a resident surgeon at Royal Melbourne Hospital under Sir Alan Newton. Ned was so supportive of her career plans that Mary reconsidered marriage, although she knew both their parents would disapprove. With her studies completed, Mary and Ned became formally engaged at Easter in 1921, and they were married on 6 April 1922 at Toorak Presbyterian Church. They had three daughters: Mary Cecile (Molly) in 1924, Judith Ann (Judy) in 1926, and Margaret Lyle in 1933. Molly would later become a doctor like her mother. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Herring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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